Who’s Really Keeping Us Safe? What the UK Can Teach Us About Police and Private Security

Who’s Really Keeping Us Safe? What the UK Can Teach Us About Police and Private Security

Ever wondered what happens when there are fewer police officers around? Do people just feel less safe—or do they take things into their own hands?

That’s exactly what a recent UK study looked at, and the results are eye-opening. The paper, Public Policing and Private Security: Insights from the UK, breaks down how public policing and private security have been working (or not working) together in recent years—and what that means for everyday people.

When Police Numbers Drop, Private Security Steps Up

Between 2010 and 2019, police numbers in the UK dropped in many areas due to government cuts. What did people do? Businesses and individuals started hiring more private security guards.

It’s what researchers call a “crowding-out effect.” Basically, when the public sector steps back, the private sector fills the gap.

So instead of seeing more police officers on the street, you’re more likely to see a uniformed guard at a shopping centre or a private patrol car circling a neighborhood.

Wealthy Areas Get More of Both

Here’s where it gets interesting: In richer areas, both police and private security numbers go up together. This is called a “crowding-in effect.” Why? Because wealthier communities can afford to pay for both. Even if they have decent police coverage, they still spend money on extra layers of private protection—like gated communities, CCTV systems, and private guards.

The Big Question: Is Safety Becoming a Privilege?

This study raises some important issues. If private security is mostly being used in wealthier areas, what happens to everyone else?

Less policing + no money for private security = communities left vulnerable.

It’s a reminder that safety shouldn’t be something only the rich can buy. It should be a basic public service available to everyone.

So, What Can We Learn From This?

1. Private security is growing fast—especially where public policing is cut.

2. Wealthier areas are stacking up on both public and private protection.

3. This could widen the gap between rich and poor communities when it comes to feeling and being safe.

Final Thoughts

The UK study shows us what happens when governments cut back on policing: the private sector fills the gap—but only where people can afford it. If we’re not careful, we could end up with a two-tier safety system where only some people get real protection.

It’s a call for balance. We need smart public investment in policing and fair rules around private security so everyone, no matter their income, feels safe in their community.